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Zabaykalsky Krai is a federal subject of Russia (a krai), located in the Russian Far East. Its administrative center is Chita. As of the 2010 Census, the population was 1,107,107.
The krai was created on 1 March 2008, as a result of a merger of Chita Oblast and Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug after a referendum held on the issue on 11 March 2007. In 2018, the krai became part of the Far Eastern Federal District.
Based on toponyms, Zabaykalsky might have once been inhabited by a non documented, extinct Yeniseian language.
Mongolic-related Slab Grave cultural monuments are found in Lake Baikal territory.History of Mongolia, Volume I, 2003 The territory of Zabaykalsky Krai has been governed by the Xiongnu Empire (209 BC-93 CE) and Mongolian Xianbei state (93-234), Rouran Khaganate (330–555), Mongol Empire (1206–1368) and Northern Yuan (1368–1691).History of Mongolia, Volume II, 2003 Medieval Mongol tribes like Merkit, Tayichiud, Jalairs and inhabited in the krai. In the 17th century, some or all of Mongolic-speaking Daurs lived along the Shilka River, upper Amur River, and on the Bureya River. They thus gave their name to the region of Transbaikal, also called Transbaikal, now the area of Russia east of Lake Baikal. Today Buryats remained in the territory of the krai.
Preliminary work on the unification of the Chita Oblast and Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug was started at the level of regional authorities in April 2006. The governor of Chita Oblast Ravil Geniatulin, mayor of the Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug Bair Zhamsuyev, head of the regional parliament Anatoly Romanov, and Dashi Dugarov sent a letter to the President of Russia, Vladimir Putin, and on 17 November 2006, he supported the initiative.
A referendum on unification took place on 11 March 2007. In Chita Oblast, "yes" was the predominant answer to the following question:
In Chita Oblast, 90.29% (535,045 voters) of the voters voted for the union versus – 8.89% (52,698 voters) who voted against it. 72.82% of the electorate participated. In the Aga Buryat Autonomous Region 94% (38,814 voters) voted for the union versus – 5.16% (2129 voters). 82.95% of the electorate voters participated.
On 23 July 2007, Russian President Vladimir Putin signed a federal constitutional law "On Establishment in the Russian Federation of a new subject of the Russian Federation in the merger of Chita Oblast and Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug", adopted by the State Duma on 5 July 2007. and approved by the Federation Council on 11 July 2007.
According to the 2021 Census, Russians made up 89.2% of the population while Buryats were 7.4%. Other significant groups were Armenians (0.3%), Tatars (0.3%), Ukrainians (0.2%), Kyrgyz (0.2%) and Uzbeks (0.2%). 118,477 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.
| Russians | 90.0% | 89.9% | 89.2% | |||
| Buryats | 6.1% | 6.8% | 7.4% | |||
| Armenians | 0.3% | 0.4% | 0.3% | |||
| Tatars | 0.7% | 0.5% | 0.3% | |||
| Others | 2.9% | 2.4% | 2.8% | |||
| Ethnicity not stated | 2,693 | – | 19,981 | – | 118,477 | – |
Total fertility rate (2024):
1.58 children per woman
Life expectancy (2021):
Total — 66.82 years (male — 62.28, female — 71.54)
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